![]() The United States installed approximately 11.1 gigawatt-hours (GWh) (3.7 GWac) of energy storage onto the electric grid in Q1-Q3 2022, +88% (+90%) y/y, as a result of high levels of residential deployment and grid-scale deployment.The United States installed 11.2 gigawatts-AC (GWac) of PV in the first three quarters of 2022-down 9% from the first three quarters of 2021. ![]() Unlike the previous proposal, there are no fixed charges and there is a transition period. The California Public Utilities Commission approved revised net metering rules in December 2022-becoming effective in April 2023-with exported solar energy eventually being compensated at rates ~75% lower than retail.In the first 9 months of 2022, solar photovoltaic (PV) installations increased significantly y/y in China (106%) and India (51%), and to a lesser extent in Germany (22%).China’s National Energy Administration revealed in late January that China installed 87 gigawatts (GW) in 2022, up 59% year-over-year (y/y).This, in itself, is not new: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been present in economies for centuries and, in the case of industrial Multinational or Transnational Corporations (TNCs).Key updates from the Winter 2023 Quarterly Solar Industry Update presentation, released January 26, 2023: Secondly, the logic of common markets means that there is little economic rationale to prioritise national or local over foreign ownership and management. Firstly, there may be spatial reconfiguration policies, such as the Trans European Networks (TENs) project for energy, telecommunications and transport, which aims to forge common networks across the Members States and their borders. Now, the increasingly deep cross-border integration of markets both in the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Area/Agreement (NAFTA) on the one hand and, policy reform towards deregulation, liberalisation and privatisation, on the other hand, may be signalling at least a partial rupture between public network services and national or local government. Public network services were also associated with the Welfare State, and their organisation often included the application of redistributive policies, such as the cross-subsidisation of local and national networks against international ones in the cases of telecommunications and railways. Moreover, justifications for public and national or local ownership and management of these services included: their having natural monopoly characteristics territorial considerations such as national defence the need to integrate infrastructure to establish a national market the will to avoid dependency on foreigners by attaining self-sufficiency of basic inputs (oil, foods and basic materials) and plans to attain industrial development via the ´Industrial State´. In general, however, even private network services were nationally bound and exposed to similar regulation as the other SOEs. Of course, private networks have sometimes accompanied public networks in the C20th. For most of the C20th, and in most countries - with the important exception of the United States of America (USA) - the nationally bound ownership of public network services has usually been accompanied by public ownership in the form of Public or State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs).
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